Crypto-1
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Proprietary
Crypto-1 is a proprietary stream cipher developed by NXP Semiconductors for the MIFARE Classic product line. It uses a 48-bit key and was the dominant authentication mechanism in contactless smart cards from 1994 to 2008. The algorithm was reverse-engineered by researchers at Radboud University Nijmegen, revealing critical weaknesses.
Crypto-1 (proprietary)
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48-bit key
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Symmetric
Known Vulnerabilities
Reverse-engineered in 2008 by Radboud University researchers. Multiple attack tools publicly available (MFOC, MFCUK). Vulnerable to known-plaintext attacks, nested authentication attacks, and darkside attacks. Card can be cloned in seconds with off-the-shelf hardware. Should not be used for security-critical applications.